Hedgehogs

From wikipedia:

The most common species of domesticated hedgehog is the African Pygmy hedgehog, a hybrid of the White-bellied or Four-toed Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) and the Algerian Hedgehog (A. algirus). It is smaller than the European Hedgehog, and thus is sometimes called African Pygmy Hedgehog. Other species kept as pets are the Egyptian long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus auritus) and the Indian long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus collaris).

Hedgehog domestication became popular in the early 1980s. They still have much of their wild behavior, including a fear of predators - especially humans, but buying from a responsible breeder and proper handling will do a lot to ensure a friendly relationship. Since domestication began, several new colours of hedgehogs have been created or become common, including albino and pinto hedgehogs.

Domesticated species prefer a warm climate (above 22 °C , 72 °F) and do not naturally hibernate. Attempts to hibernate due to lowered body temperatures can be fatal, but are easily reversed if caught quickly (within a few days). In the wild they eat a diet of mainly insects, but pet owners generally prefer a diet composed primarily of high protein low fat high quality cat food, with regular treats such as mealworms, fruits, vegetables, and cooked unseasoned meats.

BASIC HEDGEHOG CARE

HOUSING:

* A metal or plastic cage (like those made for guinea pigs or ferrets) works great, or a 20 gallon or larger aquarium. Large plastic storage containers also work very well as a hedgehog home. Make sure that the cage has at least 2 square feet of floor space, and that the cage bottom and sides have no wire grates that little hedgehog feet can fall through and get hurt on, or get stuck. Clean the cage at least once a week, and odor won't be a problem.
* Hedgehogs like to have a hiding place or cover to sleep under. Providing such a hiding place will reduce nervousness. Large half logs, a kleenex box with a hole cut in the side, plastic bowls, or even a hedgehog sized cloth bag will work well.
* You will want to place your hedgehog's cage in a warm area of the house. Hedgehogs need to be kept in a room with a temperature of 70F to 85F. If a hedgehog gets too cold it will attempt to go into hibernation. Heating pads can work well in the winter, but make sure that it doesn't cover the entire cage, so that your hedgehog can escape the heat if he starts to get too hot. Be careful using heating pads, as hedgies who have difficulty moving can easily be burned by them.
* Unless you are attempting to breed hedgehogs, keep males and females separated. If a female has babies while there are other hedgehogs in the cage, it is likely to cause her stress and either she or the other hedgehogs are likely to eat the babies. Also, hedgehogs can get pregnant when they are as young as 8 weeks old, but this is not healthy for them. A female hedgehog should not be bred until she is at least 6 months old.
* In the wild, hedgehogs are solitary animals. In captivity, some hedgehogs will accept (or even crave) the companionship of other hedgehogs, but don't necessarily assume this is the case. Hedgehogs can have lethal roommate disputes, so if you decide to try to house two hedgehogs together, be sure to observe them closely (or at least be within earshot to separate them in case of fights) for at least the first 24 to 48 hours. Hedgehogs can emit a bloodcurdling scream when upset or hurt, but they can also get into fairly quiet tussles, so be careful.

BEDDING:

* You can use a wide variety of beddings for your hedgehog. Cloth liners, newspaper, recycled paper products and aspen have been recommended by many. A little warning about wood beddings, they have been known to carry mite eggs which could hatch and infest your new pet, wood beddings also can become lodged in sensitive areas of your hedgehog. Be certain to inspect your hedgehog daily for redness or swellings.

TOYS:

* Hedgehogs need lots of exercise, as they tend to become obese with inactivity (who doesn't? . A large wheel (11" in diameter or so) is recommended. Be sure that the running surface of the wheel is solid, so that the hedgie is not at risk for slipping and breaking legs. You can find a listing of hedgehog wheels on the internet at http://www.mihog.org. Wheels made for rodents with metal bars should in no case be used, as a broken leg may result. Many owners report that their hedgehogs enjoy anything that they can push or manipulate. Examples of toys that owners have reported their hedgehog enjoying are: toilet paper tubes, brightly colored plastic toy trucks, cat balls, and various stuffed animals.

DIET:

* Diet is an area where there is considerable controversy. We still don't know exactly what a hedgehog needs, but there have been preliminary studies at the Bronx Zoo. Information presented at the 1998 Go Hog Wild Hedgehog Show and Seminar indicated that hedgies need a diet that has a good amount of protein and is low in fat. A fiber content of approximately 15% (preferably from chitin, but hedgehogs can utilize fiber from plant sources, too) is optimal. At this time, no single food fully meets the optimal nutritional requirement for hedgehogs. Many of the hedgehog foods on the market do a pretty good job of meeting most of the needs, but a good quality commercial cat food didn't seem much off the mark, either, according to the statistics given in the presentation. Due to the lack of knowledge veterinarians and owners will agree that a hedgehog should be fed a mixture of foods supplemented by insects, fruits, vegetables and cooked meats.

* There are now a number of good hedgehog foods on the market. Some examples of good hedgehog foods are Insectivore Fare, Select Diet, Pretty Pets, 8n1, L'Avian, and others. The use of Vitacraft hedgehog food is very strongly discouraged, as it appears to have been crafted for use with the much larger European breed of hedgehogs, and contains some choking hazards for the smaller African hedgehogs.

HANDLING:

* The more you handle your hedgehog, the more it will get accustomed to you.
* At first, your hedgehog may be scared. It may ball up or puff air and click its tongue to scare away any potential predator, including you. Approach your hedgehog slowly and quietly to gain its trust. Pick up your hedgehog from underneath to avoid the quills. You shouldn't need gloves to pick it up, even if it is scared, since you can slide your fingers underneath to distribute the weight. If you are afraid of being pricked, then take a pair of gloves and get them smelling like you (tuck them under your pillow for a couple of nights, or put them in your shirt for a while) so the hedgie will associate your smell with being picked up.
* Hedgehogs deserve the love, attention and affection that any pet deserves. They may not be cuddly as a kitten, but with interaction you will discover they have personalities at least as interesting, if not more.

ONE LAST NOTE:

* Don't be surprised if your hedgie starts shedding a lot of quills when it is about 8 to 12 weeks of age. This is a normal process, and is known as "quilling." The hedgehog is simply shedding baby spines and you should be able to see new adults spines pushing through the skin. To be on the safe side, though, you may want to check for mites or fleas. Signs of mites include crustiness around the quills and seriously dry looking skin. Both mites and fleas can be treated effectively with Frontline spray, available from your vet. When adolescent hedgies are "quilling" they may be somewhat grumpy, but should return to normal temperament once the quills are in.